See closed system in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "closed systems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "closed system (plural closed systems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Engineering",
"orig": "en:Engineering",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physical chemistry",
"orig": "en:Physical chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Physics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "en:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Systems",
"orig": "en:Systems",
"parents": [
"Interdisciplinary fields",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Systems theory",
"orig": "en:Systems theory",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Systems",
"All topics",
"Interdisciplinary fields",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A physical system whose interaction with its environment is limited to particular types of transfer, so that certain quantities are conserved within the system."
],
"id": "en-closed_system-en-noun-QXOIzM8K",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"physical chemistry",
"physical chemistry"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"physical system",
"physical system"
],
[
"interaction",
"interaction"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"transfer",
"transfer"
],
[
"conserve",
"conserve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics, physical chemistry, engineering) A physical system whose interaction with its environment is limited to particular types of transfer, so that certain quantities are conserved within the system."
],
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Thermodynamics",
"orig": "en:Thermodynamics",
"parents": [
"Physics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Energy",
"orig": "en:Energy",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Matter",
"orig": "en:Matter",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A system that can exchange heat and work, but not matter, with its surroundings."
],
"id": "en-closed_system-en-noun-83AOY5tG",
"links": [
[
"thermodynamics",
"thermodynamics"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"matter",
"matter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(thermodynamics) A system that can exchange heat and work, but not matter, with its surroundings."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "38 62",
"word": "open system"
},
{
"_dis1": "38 62",
"word": "isolated system"
}
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics",
"thermodynamics"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"closed system"
],
"word": "closed system"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Energy",
"en:Matter",
"en:Systems",
"en:Systems theory"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "closed systems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "closed system (plural closed systems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "open system"
},
{
"word": "isolated system"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Engineering",
"en:Physical chemistry",
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"A physical system whose interaction with its environment is limited to particular types of transfer, so that certain quantities are conserved within the system."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"physical chemistry",
"physical chemistry"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"physical system",
"physical system"
],
[
"interaction",
"interaction"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"transfer",
"transfer"
],
[
"conserve",
"conserve"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics, physical chemistry, engineering) A physical system whose interaction with its environment is limited to particular types of transfer, so that certain quantities are conserved within the system."
],
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Thermodynamics"
],
"glosses": [
"A system that can exchange heat and work, but not matter, with its surroundings."
],
"links": [
[
"thermodynamics",
"thermodynamics"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"matter",
"matter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(thermodynamics) A system that can exchange heat and work, but not matter, with its surroundings."
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics",
"thermodynamics"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"closed system"
],
"word": "closed system"
}
Download raw JSONL data for closed system meaning in English (1.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.